Personal injury law in Illinois
How long you have to file, how shared fault is treated, whether Illinois is a no-fault auto state, and what damages caps can limit a jury award. Every figure sourced.
Key rules at a glance
| Statute of limitations | 2 years Medical malpractice: 2 years, 4-year repose. |
|---|---|
| Negligence rule | Modified comparative — 51% bar Recovery barred at 51% or more fault under 735 ILCS 5/2-1116. |
| Auto no-fault | No |
| Damages caps | Medical malpractice cap struck down in Lebron v. Medical malpractice cap struck down in Lebron v. Gottlieb Memorial Hospital (2010). |
What the filing deadline means in Illinois
Personal injury claims in Illinois must generally be filed within 2 years of the date of injury. Medical malpractice: 2 years, 4-year repose. If you miss the statute, the claim is time-barred regardless of how strong it is. Discovery rules can shift the start date for latent injuries, and government claims often carry much shorter notice deadlines (sometimes 60 to 180 days).
How shared fault works under modified comparative — 51% bar
You can recover if you are 50% or less at fault. At 51% or more, recovery is barred. Recovery barred at 51% or more fault under 735 ILCS 5/2-1116.
Practical effect: if a jury values your case at $200,000 and assigns you 30% of the fault, you recover $140,000 — but if your fault crosses the bar, you recover $0.
Damages caps in Illinois
Medical malpractice cap struck down in Lebron v. Gottlieb Memorial Hospital (2010).
A cap does not change the value of your injuries; it changes what a jury is allowed to award. Caps most often apply to non-economic damages (pain and suffering) and to medical malpractice cases. Economic damages, like medical bills and lost wages, are generally not capped.
Case types in Illinois
These case-type hubs explain how settlement value is built and how each type interacts with Illinois's rules above.
Related reads
How Illinois's modified comparative — 51% bar rule shapes auto settlement value.
Multi-party liability, FMCSA regulations, and the 30-day evidence window.
Helmet laws, anti-rider bias, and how comparative fault hits riders.
Premises liability and the negligence elements you must prove.
Standard of care, statute of repose, and Illinois's med-mal caps.
Workers' comp vs third-party liability claims.
Strict liability vs one-bite rule by state.
Who can file and what damages are recoverable.
Frequently asked questions
Sources
Want a different state? See all 50 state hubs.